A B S T R A C T Transformations such as globalization, THE contiguity of geographical spaces, as well as developments in THE field of military technologies have transformed THE issue of defense as THE main factor for THE survival of countries. Because THE transformation from hard to soft war and THEn THE smart war in recent decades has changed THE approaches to defense. THEse transformations have led to THE development of discussions about defense purposes. Meanwhile, MIDDLE East countries have a prominent position and importance in terms of defense due to THEir special conditions. This article has tried to investigate THE basic dimensions affecting THE defense of foreign countries with descriptive and analytical methods, using library and field findings and Smart-PLS software. THE results of THE current research show that THE effective components in THE current research include 130 items that are placed in THE form of 15 dimensions. THE importance of THEse dimensions in defense of THE MIDDLE East countries is, respectively, geopolitical dimension with a 0.43 score, military dimension with a 0.41 score, economic dimension with a 0.41 score, political dimension with a 0.39 score, hydrology dimension with a 0.34 score, security dimension with a 0.32 score, social dimension with a 0.29 score, demographic dimension with a 0.28 score, cultural dimension with a 0.26 score, scientific-health dimension with a 0.25 score, geomorphological dimension with a 0.25 score, maTHEmatical dimension with a 0.2 score, climatic dimension with a 0.2 score, biological dimension with a 0.2 score and soil dimension with a 0.18 score. Extended Abstract Introduction Security and defense are among THE most vital issues for THE preservation and survival of countries. In fact, defense and military affairs are necessary for countries' independence and political, cultural and economic development. Among THEm, geography and political geography are prominent fields that directly affect defense issues. Actions taken by a country in dimensions (political, military, economic, etc.) in order to maintain security and territorial integrity, guarantee independence and protection of its people against any enemy attack, will organize THE geographical (spatial) environment, wise and appropriate distribution of critical places and sensitive centers and infrastructures are identified by taking into account THE threats and THE correct use of environmental capacities in political, economic, social, cultural, etc. dimensions, and as a result, it can lead to stability and stability in THE country's geographical space. THE design of defense planning model according to THE economic, cultural, political and environmental features in THE new era when countries are facing external and internal threats as a sub-branch of territorial planning has received THE attention and importance of officials and governance systems in order to be able to reduce THEse threats with accurate and systematic planning in THE geographical space, defense planning is not separate from THE flow of national and regional planning. It is important to pay attention to it based on THE type and amount of external and internal threats to governance. Due to THE expansion of THE security circle, THE government is not only responsible for creating military security. However, it must also exercise part of its authority in THE direction of territorial management. On THE oTHEr hand, THEre has been a transformation in THE form of threats and wars based on changes and THE movement from hard to soft war and finally, smart war is THE basis for reviewing and recognizing THE components that can be used in defense of countries, including THE MIDDLE East countries, have a prominent position and importance. Despite THE internal differences between countries, THE MIDDLE East has commonalities and connections that can directly affect THE overall defense of this geographical space.   Methodology In terms of type and purpose, THE current research is fundamentally applied. Also, it is descriptive and analytical in terms of nature. This research, in addition to THE correct and realistic depiction of THE defense situation of THE MIDDLE East countries, it is tried to provide a suitable model for THE defense of THE countries. THE sources used in THE current research are library and field sources (questionnaires). According to THE subject of THE current research, THE statistical population of this research is a collection of people, experts and elites who have sufficient knowledge, experience and expertise regarding THE research topic, which is THE design of THE defense model, according to THE nature of THE Delphi pattern model, at least THE statistical population based on THE sources should be between twenty and fifty people to reach statistical saturation. THE number of selected samples included 51 people who were identified in THE form of a non-random sampling pattern and introduced as a statistical sample in THE framework of THE Delphi model. Due to THE qualitative nature of this research, it has been tried to use THE Delphi model in THE framework of THE targeted non-random model. THErefore, based on THEse cases, THE current research has selected THE maximum statistical population of 51 elites, experts, and opinionated people in this field. In this research, to evaluate THE research hypoTHEses in THE form of THE hardness equations model, THE partial least squares method and THE SMART-PLS software, which is a variance-based path modeling technique and provides THE possibility of checking THE THEory and metrics simultaneously, have been exerted.   Results and discussion In this research, approaches such as political, military, cultural, etc., in THE field of land use have been discussed. In THE meantime, THE defense of countries as an emerging approach is significant. According to THE developments in geographical spaces, such as THE evolution of military-defense technologies, THE connection of geographical spaces to each oTHEr and most importantly, THE movement from hard and soft war to smart war has witnessed a transformation and wide attention in a way that countries are suited to THEse developments are trying to prepare THE geographical space of THEir country in terms of defense. THErefore, THE defense planning of THE MIDDLE East countries as a geographical region has great importance from a geopolitical and strategic point of view, which indicates that THE countries of this region face threats and complex defense-security issues in different ways.   Conclusion THE results of THE present research show that THE defense planning in developing countries should be considered according to THEir characteristics, considering all 15 dimensions, which include 130 components. In THE design of THE defense planning of THEse countries, attention should be paid to THE weight and importance of THE shaping dimensions. In general, it can be said that THE defense planning of THE MIDDLE East countries is proportional to THE geographical features of THEse countries and on THE oTHEr hand, considering THE developments in THE field of threats and moving from hard to smart war, 15 dimensions should be considered for THE defense of THEse countries.   Funding THEre is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to THE conceptualization and writing of THE article. All of THE authors approved THEcontent of THE manuscript and agreed on all aspects of THE work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all THE scientific consultants of this paper.

How to profoundly change THE beliefs of THE polyTHEists during THE age of revelation from THE denial of THE Prophet (pbuh) to THE certainty of his Message and THE acceptance of his full guardianship is a question worthy of attention. THE order of verses about prophecy based on THE order of revelation is THE reason to lead a transformative process and a special Quranic method in institutionalizing THE belief of prophecy in THE lives of Arabs. In THE first stage, THE Holy Quran in THE first Makkī (Arabic: المکّیّ, suras revealed in Mecca) chapters has prepared THE community from THE motivational side to accept THE truth of THE Prophet’s (pbuh) prophecy and briefly stating THE key issues surrounding it. THE Holy Book of Quran at THE time of THE emergence of oppositions and doubts (THE second stage) destroyed THE arguments of THE polyTHEists and explained THE prophecy and proved its auTHEnticity from a cognitive perspective in THE second stage by presenting clear arguments. and THE Holy Book of Quran in THE third stage after Madanī (Arabic: المدنیّ, suras revealed in Medina) period has undertaken measures in order to fulfill THE goals of THE Massage by explaining THE true position of THE Prophet (pbuh) to deepen and operationalize THE Prophetic belief through explaining practical duties for THE Prophet (pbuh) and behavior based on THE acceptance of Walaya (Arabic: ولایة, meaning “guardianship” or “governance”).

One of THE most frequent rules in various areas of demonstrative jurisprudence of Two Major Sects of Islam religion is a rule that is known among Shīʿa as “tolerance in THE evidence of traditions” (Arabic: التسامح فی أدلّة السنن) and in Sunnī as “latitudinarianism in documents” (Arabic: التساهل فی أسانید). Believers in THE general application of this rule have based it for reasons such as consensus (Arabic: إجماع), tradition famous through practice (Arabic: الشهرة العملیّة), and rational judgement (intellectual judgement) and a group of aḥādīth (Arabic: أحادیث, plural form for ḥadīth, literally “talk” or “discourse”) called “Akhbar-e- Man Balagh” (Arabic: أخبار من بلغ). THE understanding of THE aforementioned narrations and THE extent of application of this rule has caused a conflict of opinions among scholars. THE narrations containing THE excellences of suras of THE Holy Book of Quran is one of THE fields of application of THE rule of tolerance. THE present research has explained THE types of exposure to this group of narrations based on THE rule of tolerance by using descriptive-exploratory method and using library sources and seeks to find a suitable approach about narrations of THE excellences of suras (chapters) of THE Holy Book of Quran. THE interaction with THEse narrations is organized based on a special reading of THE rule of tolerance in THE selected approach, which is based on a rational interpretation of THE contents of Man-Balagh (Arabic: من بلغ)’s narrations and is compatible with THE indications of some verses and traditions. THE use of weak narrations containing THE excellences of suras (chapters) will be permissible based on this approach considering three conditions and without any certainty of attributing THEse narrations to Sharʿ (Islamic rules).

Purpose: THE present research aimed at finding an answer to THE question of THE process of influence of cyberspace on Iranian Poetry in THE future, and THE influence of cyberspace on various aspects of poetry such as content, its audience, THE poet, THE media that published THE poem, THE process of composing THE poem, THE rights of THE author, and Globalization of THE Iranian poetry. Method: THE Delphi technique was used to carry out this research. A group of experts comprising professors in THE fields of Communication and Literature was selected. THE expert’s opinions were collected and analyzed through an in-depth interview, a questionnaire based on THE Likert scale, and by THE execution of three stages of Delphi rounds. Findings: Accordingly, considering THE content, THE experts predicted that due to THE impact of cyberspace, THE quality of THE poetry will be reduced and consequently, THE language of poetry will become simpler and close to prose and it will only reflect THE daily events of life. Regarding THE audience, THEy concluded that THE audience’s selection power will be increased, however, we can differentiate between THE public and professional audience. With respect to THE sender, THEre will be no phenomenon of multi authors, and regarding THE channel, THE experts agreed upon Media Convergence besides, THE poets’ agency in publishing THEir own poems will be increased. Conclusion: Experts believe that THE spread of communication technologies will make censorship ineffective. This is THE only case in which THE group believes in THE impact of technology on THE future of poetry. THE group of experts did not reach a consensus regarding THE impact of technology on THE phenomena such as publication of author’s poems as one’s original work and THE Globalization of Iranian poetry, thus, analyzed THEse items in THE framework of THE human agency.

In some point of view, neiTHEr Michel Foucault nor Ibn Khaldun are considered philosophers in THE conventional classifications, but both are very  important in intellectual and, of course, in philosophical contexts, especially for those who are interested in THE deep study of human life from THE perspective of political thought.THE main concern of two thinkers, one in THE 14th century, THE oTHEr in THE 20th century, is THE issue  of power, although neiTHEr of THEm provided a precise definition of it. In this article, an attempt has been made to show THE place of power and domination in THE political thought of both thinkers by examining THE thoughts of two thinkers. And in search of an answer to this question, how did Asabiyyah and industry of religion in Ibn Khaldun's thought and social control through self-technology and discipline in Foucault's thought lead to THE expansion of THE domination of power? This article is written by analytically comparing THE opinions of two thinkers based on Ibn Khaldun's most important book called Muqaddimah and Foucault's late works

Four important ways of religious education in THE field of beliefs are inferred in this article through THE nature of religion in THE Holy Quran. We have examined two categories of “nature of religion” and “methods of religious education” for this purpose. All verses including THE root of “د ـ ی ـ ن” (religion) have been investigated in order to properly understand THE nature of religion in THE Holy Quran. THEn, we have benefited from THE inference method to find THE ways of religious education in THE Holy Quran. In THE inferential method, we have reached THE “conclusion”, which is THE method of religious education by using two premises, “normative” and “realistic”. THE solutions of THE Holy Quran to achieve THE methods of religious education are explained in THE following. For example, using THE Scriptures directly to know THE right actions is one of THE solutions of THE Holy Quran to reach THE way of believing in THE punishment of deeds. THE achievement of religious education methods through discovering THE nature of religion and explaining THE purpose of education on THE one hand and using THE inferential method as a research method on THE oTHEr hand is one of THE innovations of this research. THE achievements of this paper can be used to provide an educational THEoretical model for formal and public education system.

THE purpose of this research is to determine THE relationship between moral intelligence and academic self-efficacy with THE mediation of academic engagement of students in Mahabad city. THE method of descriptive-survey research was of THE correlation type and THE statistical population was all 2831 secondary school female students of Mahabad city, of which 338 were selected by cluster sampling using Morgan's table. Data collection tools were standardized questionnaires of moral intelligence of Lenik and Hill (2005), academic self-efficacy of Jinks and Morgan (1999) and academic engagement of Fridix et al. (2006). THE results of hypoTHEsis testing were analyzed by spss and pls software and using correlation tests and structural equation modeling. THE results showed that moral intelligence has a positive and significant relationship on academic self-efficacy with THE mediation of academic conflict (0.31). Also, THE results indicated that THEre is a positive and significant relationship between moral intelligence and academic self-efficacy components (0.52). THE relationship between moral intelligence and academic engagement components was positive and significant (0.76) and finally, academic engagement has a positive and significant relationship with academic self-efficacy (0.41). THErefore, by increasing moral intelligence and consequently increasing academic engagement, it is possible to provide THE basis for increasing academic self-efficacy in secondary school female students of Mahabad city.

Purpose: Something that happens in THE future of a scientific field depends on today's view of young people about THE future. THE perception of young people from THE future and THEir conception of THE future is very important. THE purpose of this study was to imaging THE future of sports science from THE perspective of educated youth. Method: THE method of THE present research is qualitative and exploratory research and in terms of purpose is applied research. THE statistical population of THE study included educated youth who are familiar with sports science and THE snowball sampling method was used for interviews and THEoretical saturation were obtained with 23 interviews. To analyze THE data, THE content analysis method has been used to obtain THE information of this research. Findings: THE results show THE future of sports science among educated youth consists of seven main concepts that include: hope for a green education system, excessive interest in working in THE sports industry, basic reengineering, relative disappointment from THE ability of authorities, social position through academic education, desire for empowerment and lack of skills, injustice, and utilitarianism. Conclusion: Finally, by observing THE mental images of THE youth, it can be stated that sports science will move towards THE dystopia if THE current situation continues, and it can move towards THE utopia with fundamental changes. In this direction, THE stakeholders of sports sciences need to be togeTHEr and disagreements need to be managed as well as arbitrariness of sports science professionals should be reduced.